Public Health Analysis on Sanitation and Clean Water Access in Small Islands of Indonesia

Abstract

Purpose – This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of public health conditions in Indonesia's small islands, focusing specifically on issues related to sanitation and access to clean water, both of which are vital to the improvement of quality of life and public health outcomes in these unique and often neglected environments.

Design/methodology/approach – A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating quantitative household surveys with qualitative in-depth interviews involving local stakeholders. Data were systematically collected from six representative small islands in Eastern Indonesia, reflecting a range of demographic and geographic diversity. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were processed through thematic coding to identify recurring patterns in sanitation and clean water access challenges.

Findings – The results reveal that inadequate basic sanitation infrastructure and limited access to clean water significantly contribute to a high incidence of waterborne diseases, notably diarrhea and skin infections. Core barriers to progress include geographic isolation, resource constraints, and low health literacy among residents. Community engagement and locally tailored interventions have, in certain study areas, succeeded in sustainably improving access to clean water and hygiene practices.

Research limitations/implications – This study is limited by its regional focus on small islands and the relatively short data collection period, which may affect the generalizability of findings to all Indonesian territories. Additionally, resource limitations restricted the sample size and spatial detail of the analysis. Future research should adopt broader geographic coverage and longer data collection periods.

Originality/value – This research provides new insights into environmental health mapping and problem analysis on Indonesian small islands, offering an important empirical base for future policy formulation and data-driven interventions aimed at improving public health and environmental outcomes in similar underserved contexts.